层次分析法在太行山区地质灾害危险性分区中的应用   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

褚洪斌  母海东  王金哲 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(3):125-129

层次分析方法是一种定性与定量相结合的多目标决策分析方法。是解决类似地质环境问题的这种目标结构复杂且又缺乏系统资料的研究问题的一条有效途径。地质灾害的发生与其所处的背景条件密切相关。当一种地质灾害具备了产生的内在条件并与适当的外在诱发条件相结合，即构成它产生的充分必要条件。否则，它具有一定的潜在危害性。论文采用层次分析法通过对河北省太行山地区地质灾害主要影响因素的分析，以滑坡、泥石流、崩塌、水土流失等为计算样本。计算出各地质灾害影响因素对计算样本的影响权重，并通过计算机进行网络剖分、因素叠加，计算出单位面积的单灾种评价指数和综合性评价指数，用以表征整个地区地质灾害的危险性。  相似文献   

Contrast in Fluid M etallogeny between the Tianmashan Au-S Deposit and the Datuanshan Cu Deposit in Tongling, Anhui Province     

LEE Hyun Koo 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(1):116-124

A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion  相似文献   

Efficiency of base isolation systems in structural seismic protection and energetic assessment     

Giuseppe Carlo Marano  Rita Greco 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(10):1505-1531

This paper concerns the seismic response of structures isolated at the base by means of High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB). The analysis is performed by using a stochastic approach, and a Gaussian zero mean filtered non‐stationary stochastic process is used in order to model the seismic acceleration acting at the base of the structure. More precisely, the generalized Kanai–Tajimi model is adopted to describe the non‐stationary amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic motion. The hysteretic differential Bouc–Wen model (BWM) is adopted in order to take into account the non‐linear constitutive behaviour both of the base isolation device and of the structure. Moreover, the stochastic linearization method in the time domain is adopted to estimate the statistical moments of the non‐linear system response in the state space. The non‐linear differential equation of the response covariance matrix is then solved by using an iterative procedure which updates the coefficients of the equivalent linear system at each step and searches for the solution of the response covariance matrix equation. After the system response variance is estimated, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. The final aim of the research is to assess the real capacity of base isolation devices in order to protect the structures from seismic actions, by avoiding a non‐linear response, with associated large plastic displacements and, therefore, by limiting related damage phenomena in structural and non‐structural elements. In order to attain this objective the stochastic response of a non‐linear n‐dof shear‐type base‐isolated building is analysed; the constitutive law both of the structure and of the base devices is described, as previously reported, by adopting the BWM and by using appropriate parameters for this model, able to suitably characterize an ordinary building and the base isolators considered in the study. The protection level offered to the structure by the base isolators is then assessed by evaluating the reduction both of the displacement response and the hysteretic dissipated energy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

非活动大陆边缘的天然气水合物及其成藏过程述评   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张光学祝有海  徐华宁 《地质论评》2003,49(2):181-186

非活动陆缘是板块活动相对较弱的地区，也是水合物发育的有利地区。通过对世界各地非活动陆缘地区水合物富集情况的系统分析，发现断褶组合构造、底辟构造以及“麻坑”地貌（Pockmark)与水合物的关系密切。尽管模拟海底反射层（Bottom Simulating Reflector,简称BSR，下同）是最重要的水合物识别标志，但水合物与BSR之间并不存在严格的一一对应关系。非活动陆缘具有丰富的烃类物质来源和适宜的温压条件，而断裂－褶皱组合构造、垒堑式构造和底辟构造等则为烃类气体的运移、富集和成藏提供了有利的构造环境，便于最终形成水合物。非活动陆缘的深水区往往发育有多期叠合盆地，因其物源、温压、构造和沉积条件的内在关联性，常常形成深部石油、中部天然气、浅部水合物的“三位一体”烃类能源结构模式。  相似文献   

松辽盆地形成与演化的深部作用过程--中生代火山岩探针   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王清海  许文良 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(1):37-42

松辽盆地中生代火山作用从一个侧面揭示了松辽盆地形成与演化历史。松辽盆地中生代火山岩的岩石地球化学研究表明，中生代火山作用的深部过程表现为岩浆源区从逐渐上升到下降的过程。晚侏罗世到早白垩世早期为降温降压过程，表现为等温面逐渐升高，岩石圈伸展速度增大，岩浆源区变浅，盆地演化由断焰向坳陷转化。从早白垩世早期到晚白垩世，则为升温升压过程，等温面下降，岩石圈伸展速度变小，岩浆源区加深，盆地演化进入坳陷期。  相似文献   

黑龙江省东部残留盆地群构造演化特征及其油气勘探意义   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  

曹成润  郑庆道 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):167-172

由牡丹江断裂、敦-密断裂、依-舒断裂和大和镇断裂所控制的中新生代盆地群是东北地区重要的合煤、含油气盆地。该盆地群的中新生代成盆过程以脆性伸展为主，发育断陷或裂陷层序，而坳陷层序(热沉降层序)不发育。古构造发育史、盆地沉降史和伸展史研究表明，研究区盆地群普遍经历了早期快速沉降(断陷期)-盆地衰减、抬升剥蚀-后期快速沉降-稳定衰减(或抬升剥蚀)。区内的成盆与构造演化过程分为涉及全区的中生代陆缘断陷期(J3-K1)、第一构造反转期(K2-E1)、新生代陆内裂陷期(E2-E3)和第二构造反转期(N)4个阶段，反映了两大盆地构造演化旋回。构造演化特征一方面为油气的多期成藏提供了盆地动力学条件，另一方面改造或破坏动、静态地质要素的时空分布及其匹配关系。  相似文献   

GIS空间过程建模系统初探   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

何勇  边馥苓  季英 《测绘信息与工程》2003,28(5):22-24

阐述了GIS空间过程和空间过程建模的概念，提出了空间过程建模系统的概念框架，分析了其功能需求和主要的支撑技术。  相似文献   

基于GIS和SD方法的社会经济发展与生态环境响应动态模拟预测研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

余洁  边馥苓  胡炳清 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(1):18-24

在着重于空间现象分析处理的GIS与动态模拟的SD方法结合的模式下，动态模拟预测了不同社会经济发展策略对生态环境的影响，揭示了生态经济系统社会经济发展与生态环境相互影响关系，为区域可持续发展提供决策支持服务。  相似文献   

Formation of Concentric Rings Around Sources     

B. P. Harlamov 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(4):431-449

Zones of increased concentration formed by a solvent flowing from a source are considered. A matehmatical model for forming such zones is proposed. It takes into account that such a zone is composed of a set of independent particles. Hence the distribution of a substance around the source can be explained by movement of an individual particle. In the model this movement is a continuous semi-Markov process with terminal stopping at some random point in space. Parameters of the process depend on the velocity field of the flow. Forward and backward partial differential equations for the distribution density of a random stopping point of the process are derived. The forward equation is investigated for the centrally symmetric case. Solutions of the equation demonstrate either a maximum or a local minimum at the source location. In the latter case a concentric ring around the source is formed. If different substances vary in their absorption rates, they can form separable concentration zones as a family of concentric rings.  相似文献   

Process of Housing Damage Assessment: The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster Case     

Horie  Kei  Maki  Norio  Kohiyama  Masayuki  Lu  Hengjian  Tanaka  Satoshi  Hashitera  Shin  Shigekawa  Kishie  Hayashi  Haruo 《Natural Hazards》2003,29(3):341-370

Rebuilding of victims' livelihoods was a crucial issue in the restoration process in the1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Housing damage assessment influencedmost of the rebuilding of the livelihood in the long term, because the Victim Certificatesissued by the local governments based on the results of the Housing damage assessmentwas required to receive most of the individual assistance measures. In the process ofHousing damage assessment, many complex problems arose, leading to extensivework on the part of the disaster responders. Consequently, a considerable number ofvictims were dissatisfied with the assessment and applied for a resurvey. Due to a floodof requests for resurvey, disaster responders had to work on damage assessment, leavingrelief activities aside.In order to facilitate Housing damage assessment, this paper discusses thefollowing five points: (1) the processes and the problems of assessments performedin the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, (2) the changes in the nature of informationneeded by the victims, (3) the improvements over the present damage assessment, (4)the housing situation in Japan, and (5) the international situation on damage assessment.It is obvious from the results that a poor damage assessment system and the size ofthe disaster produced a very large work load. Differences in appreciation among theinvestigators also contributed to unfair assessments and led to the victims beingincreasingly dissatisfied by the survey results. Finally, a design concept for acomprehensive damage assessment system, which has been derived from theabove five points, is proposed for post-disaster management.  相似文献